About Pituitary Disorders & Tumors
What are Pituitary Disorders & Tumors?
Pituitary tumors are abnormal growths that develop in your pituitary gland. Some pituitary tumors result in too many of the hormones that regulate important functions of the body; others can cause the pituitary gland to produce lower levels of hormones.
Most pituitary tumors are noncancerous (benign) growths (adenomas). Adenomas remain in your pituitary gland or surrounding tissues and don't spread to other parts of your body.
The pituitary gland, often called the “master gland,” produces hormones that regulate many essential body functions, including:
- Prolactin: Stimulates milk production after childbirth.
- Growth Hormone (GH): Supports growth in children and maintains body composition in adults.
- Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH): Regulates cortisol production, influencing stress response, blood pressure, and blood sugar.
- Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH): Controls metabolism and energy levels.
- Luteinizing Hormone (LH) & Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH): Regulate reproductive health in men and women.
Causes & Symptoms of Pituitary Disorders
The exact cause of pituitary disorders and tumors is often unknown. However, contributing factors may include brain radiation therapy, genetic conditions, injury, Rathke’s cleft cysts (noncancerous growths), and rare pregnancy-related conditions such as Sheehan’s syndrome and lymphocytic hypophysitis.
Pituitary tumors can cause pressure on surrounding areas of the brain, leading to headaches and vision problems. Additionally, hormone imbalances caused by tumors or other pituitary disorders can result in:
- Muscle weakness
- Menstrual irregularities
- Hair loss
- Infertility and sexual dysfunction
- Unexplained weight changes
- High or low blood pressure and blood sugar
- Depression, anxiety, or irritability
- Enlarged hands, feet, and facial features
- Excessive thirst and urination
- Cold intolerance and digestive issues
If you have experienced any of these symptoms, you should consider getting tested to confirm your diagnosis.
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